This presentation will address the critical role that Rare Earth Elements (REEs) play in national security and everyday needs and how the United States’ reliance on foreign sources presents strategic vulnerabilities. REEs are essential components in many domains, which include smartphones, computers, electric vehicles, wind turbines, and military applications. Despite their name, these elements are relatively abundant but are found scattered across the Earth’s crust, making their mining and processing challenging and environmentally taxing.

It includes an overview of REEs and their criticality in various domains, including technology, medicine, and green energy. It will detail the global distribution and deposits of REEs, production, and supply. The discussion will address the implications of national dependence for the United States, focusing on the risks associated with supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and the potential for economic and strategic leverage by foreign powers.

National efforts and strategies to mitigate risks will be addressed. This includes initiatives to restart mining and processing capabilities, diversify supply sources, develop alternative materials, and foster international cooperation with countries that have significant REEs resources. Challenges and opportunities associated with these strategies, including environmental concerns, and the need for technological innovation will be highlighted.